Middle and South America have a lot of elongated skulls, of many different shapes. A lot of extreme long skulls have been found in Peru, in the Paracas region. These skulls belong to the Paracas culture which lived in the Ica region of Peru. Most information about the lives of the Paracas people comes from excavations at the large seaside Paracas site on the Paracas Peninsula, first investigated by the Peruvian archaeologist Julio Tello in the 1920's.

In 1927-1928 the archaeologist Tello excavated the northern side of the Cerro Colorado area of the Paracas Peninsula. In all, some 429 mummy bundles were recovered from two clusters at a site known as Wari Kayan, a large subterranean structure. The necropolis of Wari Kayan consisted of two clusters of hundreds of burials set closely together inside and around abandoned buildings on the steep north slope of Cerro Colorado. Each burial consisted of a conical textile-wrapped bundle, most containing a seated individual facing north across the bay of Paracas, next to offerings such as ceramics, foodstuffs, baskets and weapons. Each body was bound with cord to hold it in a seated position, before being wrapped in many layers of intricate, ornate, and finely woven textiles. The Paracas Necropolis embroideries are now known as some of the finest ever produced by Pre-Columbian Andean societies, and are the primary works of art by which Paracas is known. Burials at the necropolis of Wari Kayan continued until about 250 CE . because of the dry desert climate all the mummies and textiles are very well preserved. All the burials were of males and the quality of their grave gifts suggests that they were of high status; some have suggested that many of the men buried there had been brought for some distance to a special location, although this is not accepted by all.

The extreme long skulls from the Paracas region have gained a lot of attention, but there are long skulls of various types all over Peru and in other countries of South and Middle America. There are so many, and more are surfacing every year (by illegal digs and the increasing interest of the visiting westerners), that I have limited myself to pictures that are representative of the different types and forms of the long skull people.

The following skull is from the Museum of Osteology in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma state, USA. They posted these pictures on their Facebook page, on April 5, 2020 and  with the following text:

Due to popular demand, this skull will be on public display when we reopen the Museum on Monday, June 1st!

For those that missed the original post. This is a Peruvian elongated skull with metal surgically implanted after returning from battle, estimated to be from about 2000 years ago. One of our more interesting and oldest pieces in the collection.

We don’t have a ton of background on this piece, but we do know he survived the procedure! Based on the broken bone surrounding the repair and you can see that it’s tightly fused together. It was a successful surgery.

Note: we don’t know the metal. Traditionally, silver and gold was used for this type of procedure.

It was not on display, but "Due to popular demand, this skull will be on public display when we reopen the Museum on Monday, June 1st!" (post on May 29, 2020)

Onavas, Mexico

Some elongated skulls were found in a small village in Mexico, called Onavas. From the 25 skeletons found, 13 had "deformed" heads. Archeologists cannot accept the possibility of non-human beings, and thus always resort to the idea of cranial deformation, as it is claimed in this find too. Five of them had a different kind of teeth, which they called dental deformation or disfiguration. It is estimated that they died around 1000 years age. One of them was a woman, the rest were men. Article appeared in the DailyMailUK which gave as its source Cristina Garcia Moreno, director of the research project and working on behalf of Arizona State University with approval of the National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH). I found the original story (in Spanish) on the INAH website under the title Descubren restos de pimas con deformación craneal (released on Dec 19, 2012). The images come from their video.

In the first picture you can clearly see, that the skull has features that are not present in human skulls: The content of the skull is about twice that of a human; the eye sockets are very different, and it has something that looks like a sagittal crest, a thick bony ridge starting between the eyes going up the skull. 

This sagittal ridge was also found in the elongated skulls in England. See A Ridge Sagittal Suture in my intro page.

Teotihuacan

Found in an area of Teotihuacan called Tlailotlacan, an elongated skull from a woman which was an immigrant from the south, and who was around 35 to 40 years old at the time of her death. She had round pyrite stones inserted into her two upper front teeth, as well as a serpentine implant that replaced a lower front tooth.

Original article about this find here. (National Institute of Anthropology and History of Mexico). The following three are from their video.

Tacotalpa

29 skeleton remains were found in the Puyil cave, which is in the Tacotalpa municipality of Tabasco state, located in southern Mexico around 2008.

One is up to 7,000 years old, while the other two are thought to date back around 4,000 years. One of them had an elongated skull. Most were from the Mayan period, but three were much older.